Vaccines, Medicines and COVID-19: How Can WHO Be Given a Stronger Voice'

Chapter 1 COVID-19 Vaccines: Between Ethics, Health and Economics 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Development of the COVID-19 Vaccine 11.3 Two Key Issues: Immunity and Contagion 21.4 Vaccine Nationalism 21.5 The COVAX Mechanism 31.6 Compulsory Licensing 31.7 Access to Medicines and Vaccines: A New Player 3
References..........................................................................................................#Chapter 2 Medicines and Intellectual Property: 10 Years of the WHO Global Strategy 72.1 Introduction 72.2 The Background of the IGWG Negotiations 92.3 The IGWG Stakeholders 112.4 The IGWG Process 122.4.1 The First Meeting in Geneva: 4-8 December 2006 122.4.2 Regional Consultations 132.4.3 Second Meeting, 5-10 November 2007 152.4.4 Continuation of the Second Meeting of the IGWG: 28 April to 3 May 2008 152.4.5 Sixty-First World Health Assembly, 24 May 2008 152.5 The Global Strategy and Plan of Action on Public Health, Innovation and Intellectual Property 172.5.1 Main Elements of the 2008 Global Strategy 172.5.2 Additional Mandates of the 2008 Global Strategy 172.5.3 Progress in the Implementation of the GSPOA 182.5.4 The Collaboration of the WHO with other International Organisations 192.6 The WHO Consultative Expert Working Group 202.6.1 A Binding International Convention 202.6.2 The Framework Convention on Tobacco Control 212.7 The Evaluation of the GSPOA 222.8 The Report of the United Nations Secretary-General's High-Level Panel on Access to Medicines 232.9 The Roadmap on Access to Medicines 252.9.1 Background 252.9.2 Regulatory Systems Strengthening 262.9.3 Health Research and Development 262.9.4 Intellectual Property 272.10 Resolution on Improving the Transparency of Markets for Medicines, Vaccines and other Health-Related Technologies 272.11 Access to Biotherapeutic Products Including Similar Biotherapeutic Products 292.12 Conclusions 30References 31Chapter 3 Re-thinking Global and Local Manufacturing of Medical Products After COVID-19 333.1 Introduction 333.2 Background: The View of UN Agencies on Pharmaceutical Production in Developing Countries 343.3 COVID-19 Vaccine Nationalism 373.4 COVID-19 Global Vaccine Access Facility (COVAX Facility) 423.5 Global Preparedness Monitoring Board 443.6 A COVID-19 Technology Sharing Platform: A Recent UN Initiative 463.7 Concluding Remarks 46References 47Chapter 4 Rethinking R&D for Pharmaceutical Products After the Novel Coronavirus COVID-19 Shock 534.1 Introduction 534.2 Background of the Debate on the R&D Model 544.3 Problems of the R&D Model for Pharmaceutical Products 564.3.1 Lack of Transparency of R&D Costs 564.3.2 Pharmaceutical Innovation Has Significantly Decreased 574.3.3 High Prices Restrict Access 574.3.4 Fragmentation and Lack of Coordination 584.3.5 Waste and Overlap 594.4 A Binding International Convention 594.4.1 Objective and Scope 604.4.2 Possible Main Components 604.5 The Need to Act Fast 614.6 Conclusions and Recommendations 62
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Chapter 1: COVID-19 Vaccines: Between Ethics, Health and Economics.- Chapter 2: Medicines and Intellectual Property: 10 Years of the WHO Global Strategy.- Chapter 3: Re-thinking Global and Local Manufacturing of Medical Products After COVID-19.- Chapter 4